Health Insurance in Germany: A Newcomer's Guide
Health insurance is mandatory in Germany. Learn the difference between GKV and PKV, how to enrol, and what it covers before you arrive.
Germany has one of the most comprehensive healthcare systems in the world — but accessing it requires health insurance (Krankenversicherung). Everyone living in Germany must be insured, regardless of employment status or income. This guide breaks the system down clearly for people relocating from Turkey.
Two Systems: GKV and PKV
Germany operates two main types of health insurance: the Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung (GKV — statutory health insurance) and the Private Krankenversicherung (PKV — private health insurance). Most employees automatically fall under the GKV. The PKV is an option for employees earning above a certain income threshold, the self-employed, and civil servants.
- GKV: Premium is roughly 14.6% of gross salary, split equally between employee and employer
- GKV: Non-earning spouses and children are covered at no extra cost (Familienversicherung)
- PKV: Premium set by age, health status, and chosen plan — family members pay separately
- GKV: You choose which Krankenkasse (fund) to join — AOK, TK, Barmer and others
- Switching from GKV to PKV makes returning to GKV difficult — consider carefully
- If unemployed: register via the Jobcenter or take out voluntary GKV membership
How to Enrol in the GKV
If you are an employee, your employer registers you with your chosen Krankenkasse from your first working day — you just need to name the fund. The self-employed and those without employment apply directly to a Krankenkasse. You will need your passport, Anmeldung, and (if applicable) your employment contract.
What Does GKV Cover?
GKV members can visit a GP (Hausarzt) without a co-payment. Referrals are generally required for specialist appointments. Prescription drugs, hospital stays, and mental health services are included; dental treatment is partially covered. Register with a Krankenkasse as early as possible after arrival — ideally in your first working week.
Planning Around Your Move
While your belongings are in transit with Avrupaya, you can already research and compare Krankenkassen online. The formal enrolment happens after your Anmeldung at the residents' registration office. Build this step into your arrival plan for the first few days — it removes one of the most important administrative uncertainties quickly.
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Frequently asked questions
When do I need to get health insurance in Germany?
As soon as possible after registering your address. If you are an employee, your employer typically handles enrolment from your first day of work.
Should I choose GKV or PKV?
For most newcomers, GKV is the safer and simpler starting point — family coverage is included and your employer shares the cost. PKV is worth considering if you have a high income and want to plan long-term.
Can my family be covered under my insurance?
Yes. Under the GKV Familienversicherung, non-earning spouses and children can be covered under your policy at no additional charge. Under PKV, each family member pays a separate premium.
What if I am self-employed?
Self-employed people must arrange their own cover — either voluntarily in the GKV or in the PKV. With no employer contribution, premiums can be significant. Independent insurance advice is recommended.
Is my Turkish health insurance valid in Germany?
Turkish private health insurance policies generally do not cover long-term treatment in Germany. After relocating, you are legally required to hold German Krankenversicherung.